MĂDĂLINA-OANA MIHĂILĂ, DENISA FICAI, OANA DAMIAN, BOGDAN ȘTEFAN VASILE, ALEXANDRA CRISTINA BURDUȘEL, ANDREI PĂDURARU, ECATERINA ANDRONESCU

Abstract

Before discussing innovative materials and nanomaterials for the conservation and restoration of the national archaeological heritage, it is necessary to dentification and characterization of the main raw materials (plastic and non-plastic materials) and auxiliary materials used to obtain the ceramic body (part I) and the decoration on the surface of the sherd: sculptural – simultaneous with shaping and pictorial, monochrome or polychrome, existing on the inner or outer surface of the ceramic pieces. Thus, according to their origin and the way of formation, by sedimentation, thermal processing – sintering and vitrification, which determines the composition, properties, color and degree of refractivity, they are classified into common clays and superior clays, differentiated by the plasticity index, vitrification being influenced by the ratios of the component oxides, by the firing temperatures: low, medium or high and by the types of atmosphere inside the kilns: oxidizing in the case of white, gray and red ceramics or reducing in the case of black ceramics, partial or complete, made in a single phase or two stages.